Understanding Thermal Imaging: What It Is and How It Works

Thermal imaging is the process of capturing and interpreting infrared radiation energy (IR) emitted by objects. Unlike visible light, which is detected by the human eye, infrared radiation is invisible and can only be perceived through specialized equipment.

Thermal cameras are designed to detect this radiation and convert it into a visual representation, often displayed as a color-coded image.

The images produced by thermal cameras highlight temperature differences, allowing users to identify heat sources and variations in temperature across a given area.

This capability is particularly useful in fields such as construction, healthcare, and law enforcement, where temperature anomalies can indicate underlying issues or potential hazards.

The operation of thermal imaging/thermogram technology relies on the principles of infrared radiation. All objects emit infrared radiation based on their temperature; the hotter an object, the more infrared radiation it emits.

Thermal cameras and infrared cameras use sensors to detect this radiation and create images based on the intensity of the emitted heat.

Once the infrared radiation is captured, it is converted into an electronic signal, which is then processed to create a thermal image.



This image is typically displayed in a color palette where different colors represent varying temperature ranges. For instance, cooler temperatures might be displayed in blue, while warmer areas could appear in red or yellow.

An infrared thermal imaging camera is a specialized device used to detect heat emitted by objects and visualize it as a color-coded image.

IR thermal cameras detect infrared radiation, which is invisible to humans, unlike traditional cameras that capture only visible light. They function in the long-wavelength infrared spectrum, which ranges up to 14,000 nanometers.

Every object emits infrared energy based on its temperature, and IR thermal imaging cameras translate these variations into images that highlight hot and cold spots.

These cameras are commonly used in building inspections, electrical maintenance, medical diagnostics, and security operations, offering a non-contact and non-invasive way to monitor systems, diagnose issues, and ensure safety. 

A typical thermal imaging system consists of several key components:

• Infrared Sensor- The heart of the thermal camera, this sensor detects infrared radiation and converts it into an electrical signal.
• Optics- Thermal cameras use specialized lenses to focus infrared radiation onto the sensor, improving image clarity and detail.
• Display Unit- This component presents the processed thermal images to the user, often featuring customizable settings for color palettes and temperature scales.
• Software- Many thermal imaging systems come with software that allows for advanced analysis, reporting, and integration with other technologies.

Infrared thermal cameras have revolutionized monitoring across multiple industries. Here are a few industries-

• Plumbing Industry

Thermal cameras are invaluable for plumbing professionals. They help locate hidden pipes and drains, detect water leakages without breaking walls, inspect heaters and radiator installations, and assist in tracing pipe routes with minimal disruption.

• Building Inspections Industry

Thermal imaging enables mold detection due to moisture, energy efficiency audits, and wall insulation checks in construction and maintenance. It’s also used for solar panel scanning, air leak detection, and spotting insect or animal infestations hidden within walls.

• Industrial & Automation Industry

For manufacturers, infrared cameras support quality control by monitoring temperature-sensitive processes and detecting machine faults early, avoiding costly downtime.

• Gas & HVAC Industry

Thermal imaging plays a critical role in identifying duct and joint air leaks, visualizing airflow, and mapping temperatures in HVAC systems. It also detects refrigerant or gas pipeline leaks and highlights insulation breakdowns.

• Firefighting Industry

Firefighters use thermal cameras to locate victims in smoke-filled environments, identify structural hotspots, monitor fire temperatures, and scan danger zones before entering.

• Veterinary & Wildlife Industry

Infrared imaging aids in veterinary diagnostics for camels and horses, tracking wildlife, monitoring predator activity, and supporting conservation efforts with non-intrusive methods.

• Maritime & Coastal Industry

Used for navigating coastal hazards and rescue missions, thermal imaging enhances visibility during night or foggy conditions.

Thermal imaging’s benefits extend beyond its extensive applications. Some key advantages include:

• Non-Destructive Testing  

One standout feature is its non-invasive nature, allowing thorough assessments without damage to inspected objects or structures. This is especially useful in construction and manufacturing.

• Real-Time Results  

Thermal cameras provide immediate feedback, allowing users to assess situations in real time. This capability is vital in emergency response scenarios, where quick decision-making can make a significant difference. For instance, firefighters can use thermal imaging to identify hotspots in a burning building, helping them strategize their approach effectively.  

• Enhanced Safety  

By detecting potential hazards before they escalate, thermal imaging contributes to improved safety in various environments. In industrial settings, for example, identifying overheating machinery can prevent equipment failures and reduce the risk of accidents. Similarly, in healthcare, early detection of abnormal temperature patterns can lead to timely interventions and better patient outcomes.  

Despite its many advantages, thermal imaging cameras are not without their limitations. Understanding these constraints is essential for making informed decisions about their use.  

• Cost and Accessibility  

High-quality thermal imaging cameras can be costly. This high price may make it hard for smaller businesses and individual users to afford them. While prices have decreased over the years, investing in a reliable thermal camera still requires a significant financial commitment.

• Environmental Factors  

Thermal imaging cameras can be affected by environmental conditions such as rain, fog, or extreme temperatures. These factors can obstruct the infrared radiation being emitted, leading to inaccurate readings or diminished image quality.

• Limited Resolution  

While thermal cameras can detect temperature differences, their resolution is generally lower than that of conventional cameras. This can make it challenging to identify small or subtle temperature variations. Often, users may need to complement thermal imaging with other inspection methods to obtain a comprehensive understanding of a situation. 

Thermal imaging cameras have become essential tools in various industries, allowing professionals to detect temperature anomalies, prevent equipment failures, and enhance safety. The right thermal imaging camera can significantly improve efficiency. 

Fluke Thermal Imaging Cameras  

• Fluke TiS20+ Thermal Imaging Camera  

Fluke TiS20+ is designed for professionals working in industries like manufacturing, commercial property management, and building maintenance sectors.  

This device features a 120x90 infrared resolution, making it easy to capture detailed thermal images. Its user-friendly interface simplifies operation for both novice and experienced users, while seamless connectivity through Fluke Connect enhances data sharing and analysis capabilities.  

Fluke TiS20+ is perfectly suited for predictive maintenance on electrical panels, pinpointing insulation deficiencies, and troubleshooting HVAC systems.

FLIR Thermal Imaging Cameras  

• FLIR One Pro/FLIR C5 Thermal Imaging Cameras  

FLIR One Pro stands out with its sleek and compact design, seamlessly connecting to various smartphones, including iPhones, and transforming your device into a powerful thermal imaging camera. FLIR One Pro has advanced visual and thermal overlays, ensuring effortless interpretation of temperature variations.  

FLIR One Pro is an excellent choice for conducting spot inspections in confined spaces, performing quick and efficient thermal scans on the go, and executing comprehensive building diagnostics.  

• FLIR TG268 Thermal Imaging Camera  

FLIR TG268 is used in automotive applications, machinery diagnostics, and field service operations, delivering precise temperature assessments in various settings.  

FLIR TG268 has a high-resolution 160x120 infrared sensor for clear, accurate readings complemented by a laser pointer for precise targeting. It includes built-in storage capabilities for easy data management and retrieval, making it a popular tool among professionals.  

Gazelle Thermal Imaging Cameras 

• Gazelle G9701 Pro Handheld Thermal Imaging Camera  

Gazelle G9701 is ideal for advanced inspections, providing high thermal sensitivity and detailed imaging. It is perfect for applications such as electrical diagnostics, mechanical inspections, and facility maintenance.  

• Gazelle G9706 Handheld Thermal Imaging Camera  

Gazelle G9706 is excellent for quick thermal scans, identifying heat leaks, and general maintenance tasks.  

• Resolution and Sensitivity  

The resolution of a camera influences the amount of detail captured in thermal images. Higher-resolution cameras can detect smaller temperature differences, making them more suitable for applications requiring precision. The camera's sensitivity, often referred to as thermal sensitivity or Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference (NETD), indicates its ability to detect minute temperature variations.  

• Temperature Range  

Different applications may require cameras with varying temperature ranges. Industrial applications may require cameras capable of measuring very high temperatures, while medical applications might focus on lower temperature ranges. Understanding the specific requirements of the intended use will help in selecting the appropriate camera.  

• Additional Features  

Many thermal cameras come with additional features that enhance functionality, such as built-in Wi-Fi for easy image sharing, video recording capabilities, and advanced software for analysis and reporting. 

Integration with AI and Machine Learning  

AI algorithms can analyze thermal images more efficiently, identifying patterns and anomalies that are not immediately apparent to the human eye. Integration of AI with thermal imaging has the potential to enhance diagnostics in healthcare, improve predictive maintenance, and streamline security operations.  

Miniaturization and Portability  

Thermal imaging cameras are becoming smaller and more portable, leading to enhanced accessibility for inspections and emergency responses.  

Enhanced Connectivity  

Enhanced connectivity will enable real-time data sharing, remote monitoring, and collaboration among teams, expanding thermal imaging applications significantly.  

Explore our AABTools Thermal Imaging today to find industry-leading options tailored to your projects.

If you would like to experience our range of Thermal imaging cameras and see them in action before making a purchase, we invite you to visit our AAB Tools Experience Center in Dubai. You will be pleasantly surprised by the variety of tool portfolios we offer.

Still not sure? Our tools experts are here to help you out! Contact us today.